{"id":3368,"date":"2019-08-02T18:31:48","date_gmt":"2019-08-02T15:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/?p=3368"},"modified":"2021-02-23T16:16:42","modified_gmt":"2021-02-23T13:16:42","slug":"zamana-ayak-uyduramayan-efsane-nokia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/2019\/08\/02\/zamana-ayak-uyduramayan-efsane-nokia\/","title":{"rendered":"Zamana ayak uyduramayan efsane Nokia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Bir zamanlar telefon piyasas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu elinde bulunduran Nokia\u2019n\u0131n bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc durumu 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahmin edilebilir miydi? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"224\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/nokia.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/nokia.jpg 224w, https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/nokia-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir zamanlar batmaz denilen \u015firketlerin aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen Nokia, 2013\u2019te iflas etmenin e\u015fi\u011findeyken Microsoft\u2019a sat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu da ak\u0131llara \u015fu soruyu getirdi. Nokia nas\u0131l batt\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 aramadan \u00f6nce Nokia\u2019n\u0131n hikayesinden k\u0131saca bahsetmekte fayda var. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nokia, 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda maden m\u00fchendisi olan Fredrik Idestam taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. Nokia\u2019n\u0131n ilk i\u015fi ka\u011f\u0131t yap\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda elektrik \u00fcretimi, galo\u015ftan lasti\u011fe bir \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00fcretilen kau\u00e7uk i\u015fi ve kablo \u00fcretimi alanlar\u0131nda \u015firket varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde Finlandiya ekonomisin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerinden birisi oldu. Hatta 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Finlandiya\u2019n\u0131n GSYH\u2019sini tek ba\u015f\u0131na %1,5\u2019tan fazla art\u0131rd\u0131. 2007&#8217;de Business Week\u2019in En \u0130yi K\u00fcresel Markalar listesinde 5. en de\u011ferli global marka olarak listelendi. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l &#8220;Fortune Global 500&#8221; listesinde de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 119. en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketi olarak yer ald\u0131.<sup>1<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Nokia_3-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Nokia_3-1.jpg 225w, https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Nokia_3-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Peki 90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n cep telefonu devinin ba\u015f\u0131na ne geldi? Gelin o y\u0131llar\u0131n cep telefonlar\u0131yla ilgili \u00f6nemli olaylara \u015f\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Ekim 1998\u2019de, Nokia d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok satan cep telefonu markas\u0131 oldu. <\/li><li>Nokia\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fletme k\u00e2r\u0131, 1995\u2019te 1 milyar dolardan, 1999\u2019da neredeyse 4 milyar dolara ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/li><li>2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda, t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en \u00e7ok satan cep telefonu olan Nokia 1100 \u00fcretildi.<\/li><li>2007\u2019de Apple iPhone\u2019u \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/li><li>2007&#8217;nin sonunda, d\u00fcnyada sat\u0131lan t\u00fcm ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 Nokia idi. Apple\u2019\u0131n iPhone\u2019u ise d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 5\u2019ine sahipti.<\/li><li>2010 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde, Symbian halen y\u00fczde 36,6&#8217;l\u0131k pazar pay\u0131yla sekt\u00f6r lideriydi.<\/li><li>2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nokia, iPhone\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 bir ata\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak rekabete uyamad\u0131. Nokia\u2019n\u0131n ileri teknoloji telefonlar\u0131n\u0131n kalitesi d\u00fc\u015fmeye devam etti.<\/li><li>11 \u015eubat 2011&#8217;de Nokia, Microsoft ile ortak oldu\u011funu duyurdu ve  ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131nda Windows i\u015fletim sistemlerini kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/li><li>6 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, Nokia&#8217;n\u0131n piyasa de\u011feri %90 oran\u0131nda geriledi.<\/li><li>Nokia\u2019n\u0131n gerilemesi 2011 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar h\u0131zlanarak devam etti ve 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Microsoft taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131.<sup>2<\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nokia neredeyse sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn tamam\u0131na hakimken 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde piyasadan silinmesinin bir \u00e7ok sebebi var. Yap\u0131lan akademik ve sekt\u00f6rel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar do\u011frultusunda bu sebeplerden en \u00f6nemlileri stratejik hatalar, Symbian i\u015fletim sisteminden Windows i\u015fletim sistemine ge\u00e7ilmesi ve teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin takip edilememesi sonucu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin rakiplere g\u00f6re geride kalmas\u0131 olarak s\u0131ralan\u0131yor.<sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Nokia_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3373\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c7o\u011fu firman\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck hatalar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda hedef kitlesine kulak vermemek geliyor.<\/strong> Asl\u0131nda Nokia zaman\u0131n di\u011fer \u00f6nemli cep telefonu \u00fcreticilerinden Blackberry, Motorola ve Ericsson\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hatalar\u0131 yapt\u0131. <strong>Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ne istedi\u011fine kulak asmad\u0131.<\/strong> Nokia, cep telefonunda en ba\u015fta trendleri belirledi. Geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi telefonlar yeri geldi Sony Walkman\u2019in yerini ald\u0131, yeri geldi oyun telefonu oldu, yeri geldi foto\u011fraf makinesi yerine kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130nternetin telefonlarda da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131yla insanlar daha fazla i\u015fi telefonlar\u0131yla yapmak istediler. Nokia\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fletim sistemi Symbian eposta \u00f6zelli\u011fini kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na sundu. \u0130nternete ula\u015farak i\u015flerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 Nokia telefonlar\u0131ndan halletmelerine olanak sa\u011flad\u0131. Ancak, Symbian a\u00e7\u0131k koda sahip bir sistem de\u011fildi. Bu y\u00fczden b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Android\u2019e g\u00f6re \u00e7ok yava\u015f kald\u0131 ve sundu\u011fu \u00f6zellikler \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131. Daha sonralar\u0131 Symbian \u00fcreticilere de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Microsoft ile i\u015fbirli\u011fine gidilerek Windows Phone geli\u015ftirildi. Ancak bu \u00fcr\u00fcnler beklenen ilgiyi g\u00f6rmedi.  Windows y\u00fckl\u00fc telefonlar\u0131n piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnden 1 y\u0131ldan fazla ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen Symbian i\u015fletim sistemine sahip telefon say\u0131s\u0131 Windows Phone\u2019dan daha fazlayd\u0131. Windows Phone, Symbian\u2019\u0131n ivmesini hi\u00e7bir zaman yakalayamad\u0131. Nokia ise Windows Phone inad\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7medi ve \u015firket de\u011feri giderek d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/cep-telefonu.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3375\" width=\"345\" height=\"129\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>15 y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcre telefon piyasas\u0131n\u0131n liderli\u011fini elinde bulunduran Nokia, sekt\u00f6rdeki de\u011fi\u015fimlere uzak kald\u0131. Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefon piyasas\u0131n\u0131n insanlarda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilgi ve heyecan\u0131 ge\u00e7 farketti. <strong>M\u00fc\u015fterinin, rakiplerin ve piyasan\u0131n nabz\u0131n\u0131 tutamam\u0131n\u0131n bedelini olabilecek en a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde \u00f6dedi. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kim bilir, t\u00fcketicisine kulak verse, de\u011fi\u015fime bu kadar kapal\u0131 olmasa bug\u00fcn belki hala Nokia\u2019y\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6nde gelenleri aras\u0131nda konu\u015fuyor olurduk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nBu sayfadaki i\u00e7eri\u011fin t\u00fcm haklar\u0131\u00a0<a style=\"pointer-events: none;\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/benderimki.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.benderimki.com<\/a>\u00a0sitesine aittir. Burada sa\u011flanan bilgilerin do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131, herhangi bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda referans g\u00f6sterilmesi zorunludur.\n\n\n\n<strong>Bizi daha yak\u0131ndan takip etmek i\u00e7in:<\/strong>\n\n<a style=\"pointer-events: none;\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Ben-derim-ki-244247645619571\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-455\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/facebook-770688_1280.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"46\" height=\"46\" \/><\/a> <a style=\"pointer-events: none;\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ben_derim_ki\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-456\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/twitter-667462_1280.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"46\" height=\"46\" \/><\/a> <a style=\"pointer-events: none;\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/benderimki_official\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2804\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/LogoInstagram.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 46px) 100vw, 46px\" alt=\"\" width=\"46\" height=\"47\" \/><\/a> <a style=\"pointer-events: none;\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/benderimki\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2996\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/youtube.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"68\" height=\"47\" \/><\/a>\n\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>  A STUDY ON NOKIA\u2019S FAILURE IN THE GLOBAL MARKET AND CONSUMER PREFERENCE LEVEL TOWARDS NOKIA (<a href=\"https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/nandddhinirmramachandran\">N. Ramachandran)<\/a> <\/li><li> Listedeki kaynaklar:<ul><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/multiplier-magazine\/why-did-nokia-fail-81110d981787\">https:\/\/medium.com\/multiplier-magazine\/why-did-nokia-fail-81110d981787<\/a>  <\/li><li>A STUDY ON NOKIA\u2019S FAILURE IN THE GLOBAL MARKET AND CONSUMER PREFERENCE LEVEL TOWARDS NOKIA (<a href=\"https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/nandddhinirmramachandran\">N. Ramachandran)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/business\/currency\/where-nokia-went-wrong\">ttps:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/business\/currency\/where-nokia-went-wrong<\/a>    <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/multiplier-magazine\/why-did-nokia-fail-81110d981787\">https:\/\/medium.com\/multiplier-magazine\/why-did-nokia-fail-81110d981787<\/a> <\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>  Ek kaynaklar:<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/business\/currency\/where-nokia-went-wrong\">https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/business\/currency\/where-nokia-went-wrong<\/a> <\/li><li> A STUDY ON NOKIA\u2019S FAILURE IN THE GLOBAL MARKET AND CONSUMER PREFERENCE LEVEL TOWARDS NOKIA (<a href=\"https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/nandddhinirmramachandran\">N. Ramachandran)<\/a> <\/li><\/ul><\/li><li> A STUDY ON NOKIA\u2019S FAILURE IN THE GLOBAL MARKET AND CONSUMER PREFERENCE LEVEL TOWARDS NOKIA (<a href=\"https:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/nandddhinirmramachandran\">N. Ramachandran)<\/a> <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<br><br>\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir zamanlar telefon piyasas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu elinde bulunduran Nokia\u2019n\u0131n bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc durumu 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahmin edilebilir miydi? Bir zamanlar batmaz denilen \u015firketlerin aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen Nokia, 2013\u2019te iflas etmenin e\u015fi\u011findeyken Microsoft\u2019a sat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu da ak\u0131llara \u015fu soruyu getirdi. Nokia nas\u0131l batt\u0131? Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 aramadan \u00f6nce&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11,48,225,108,299,32,245],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3368"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3368"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3368\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8181,"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3368\/revisions\/8181"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3368"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3368"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.benderimki.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3368"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}